CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD.
The blood maintains a suitable environment for the individual cells of the body by transporting the necessary substance to and from that environment. The mechanism that ensure an adequate flow of blood to the tissues are therefore vital parts of the homeostatic process. since the need of any cell fro blood -borne substances varies with its metabolic activity and active muscle uses more oxygen than a resting muscle there must be a way to increase its blood supply when necessary. the amount of blood available, however, is limited and any increase in the blood flow and distribution of blood requires changes in those factors that are responsible for moving the blood. the flow of blood and the factors that control it constitute what we know as HEMODYNAMIC.
There are three basic elements in the movement of blood: flow, pressure, and resistance. they are so closely interrelated that one cannot consider one without the others. flow blood is caused by pressure generated by the ventricle and is directly proportion to the pressure. flow is impeded by any resistance along the way , and is inversely proportional to that resistance.
The blood flow is the volume of blood passing a point in a given period of time, usually a minute, and is expressed in milliliters or liters per minute. it may be the blood flow to a particular organ,or the blood flow in the entire circulatory system. the total blood flow is the volume of blood leaving the left ventricle each minute, and is the same cardiac output. and five liters per minute, this distributed among the organs of the body according to their needs. the organs in the adbominal cavity receive nearly half the total cardiac output.
PRESSURE AND RESISTANCE
The force imparted to the blood by the heart is opposed by various types of resistance to it flow, and if the pressure developed by the resistance, there is little or no blood flow and the circulation virtually ceases.
It is not the pressure itself that causes blood to flow, but the pressure gradient. this can be illustrated with a mechanical system in which a reservoir provides the head of pressure for a fluid filled system. when the outlet is closed, the pressure is the same throughout, as indicated by the identical fluid heights in the vertical tubes; there is pressure , but no pressure gradient and no flow.
Not all of the energy expended by the heart to develop the pressure is used to cause blood to flow. because the blood in arteries is under pressure, it pushes outward against the artery wall. the artery resists this force by pushing in to balance the outward force of the blood.
ESSENTIAL HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. BY BARBARA R LANDAU.
Tuesday, July 3, 2007
Sunday, July 1, 2007
BOOK REPORT 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
the nervous system is communication system based on the conduction of impulses that provide information and give directions. structures called receptors are sensitive to certain changes in their immediate environment. receptors in the skin, for example, generate impulse when stimulated by touch or pressure.receptors are located on the ends of nerve fiber, which transmit the impulse to the spinal cord or brain to effectors such as skeletal ,smooth, and cardiac muscle, and glands, which cay out the direction sent from the spinal cord or brain. still other nerve fibers transmit information to other nerve fiber.
the operation of the nervous system involves receiving and processing information generated by many receptors in many parts to the body, and directing the response of many effectors to bring about appropriate response.
the nervous system can be and has been divided into many different fragments, each one of which is often refereed to as a"nervous system." there is, however, only one nervous system, though it does have several parts. structurally, the nervous system may be divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. the central nervous system consists of the Brian and the spinal cord. it contains the centers where connection are made between nerve fibers bringing information from receptors and nerve fibers carrying in formation to effectors.the brain , which is the highly specialized superior end of the spinal cord it is capable of the sophisticated activities including consciousness, which in turn is necessary for perception and awareness, willed movements and complex movement patterns, learning, and memory. the brain exerts control over many spinal cord activities and even over certain endocrine glands.
the peripheral nervous system is made up of the nerves connecting the peripheral parts of the body with the central nervous system. twelve pairs of nerves arise from the brain and are called the cranial nerves. thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord. there are eight cervical, twelve thoracic.five lumbar, five sacral and one coccygeal nerve, named on the basis of the level at which they emerge from the vertebral canal. the somatic component is what is usually meant by "the nervous system," since it innervates supplies the general body structures(soma= body).
CELL OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
what is commonly known as a "nerve," such as one might find in an extremity, is made up of many nerve cell processes held together by connective tissue in much the same way that muscle cells are held together. the outermost layer is the epineurium, which ensheaths the whole nerve and is continuous with the deep fascia. group of nerve fiber are surrounded by perineurum, and individual nerve fiber are enclosed by endoneurium. small blood vessels also run in the connective tissue. as large nerve trunks approach the periphery they divide into progressively smaller branches, until finally only a single fiber remains.
the nervous system is communication system based on the conduction of impulses that provide information and give directions. structures called receptors are sensitive to certain changes in their immediate environment. receptors in the skin, for example, generate impulse when stimulated by touch or pressure.receptors are located on the ends of nerve fiber, which transmit the impulse to the spinal cord or brain to effectors such as skeletal ,smooth, and cardiac muscle, and glands, which cay out the direction sent from the spinal cord or brain. still other nerve fibers transmit information to other nerve fiber.
the operation of the nervous system involves receiving and processing information generated by many receptors in many parts to the body, and directing the response of many effectors to bring about appropriate response.
the nervous system can be and has been divided into many different fragments, each one of which is often refereed to as a"nervous system." there is, however, only one nervous system, though it does have several parts. structurally, the nervous system may be divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. the central nervous system consists of the Brian and the spinal cord. it contains the centers where connection are made between nerve fibers bringing information from receptors and nerve fibers carrying in formation to effectors.the brain , which is the highly specialized superior end of the spinal cord it is capable of the sophisticated activities including consciousness, which in turn is necessary for perception and awareness, willed movements and complex movement patterns, learning, and memory. the brain exerts control over many spinal cord activities and even over certain endocrine glands.
the peripheral nervous system is made up of the nerves connecting the peripheral parts of the body with the central nervous system. twelve pairs of nerves arise from the brain and are called the cranial nerves. thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord. there are eight cervical, twelve thoracic.five lumbar, five sacral and one coccygeal nerve, named on the basis of the level at which they emerge from the vertebral canal. the somatic component is what is usually meant by "the nervous system," since it innervates supplies the general body structures(soma= body).
CELL OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
what is commonly known as a "nerve," such as one might find in an extremity, is made up of many nerve cell processes held together by connective tissue in much the same way that muscle cells are held together. the outermost layer is the epineurium, which ensheaths the whole nerve and is continuous with the deep fascia. group of nerve fiber are surrounded by perineurum, and individual nerve fiber are enclosed by endoneurium. small blood vessels also run in the connective tissue. as large nerve trunks approach the periphery they divide into progressively smaller branches, until finally only a single fiber remains.
Wednesday, June 20, 2007
20 CURRENT EVENTS
1.36 KILLED IN SOUTHER IRAQ.
officialAn official in the office of iraq's national security adviser confirmed the operatoin, which were also lauched in the tharthar area near fallujah and in diyala province. Iraqui security force were in the lead, backed by u.s force, the official said on condition of anonymity for security reasons he refused to estimate the number of troops involved or how long the operation would last.
2.SPACE STATION COMPUTERS TO GET LAST TEST.
Houston a revived set of cruel computer aboard the international space station still need to unmdergo one maro test before they are given a clean bill of heath. that test set to be done monday will determine if the two russian computers are ready to control the station's orientation.
the result wiil help determine if space shuttle atlantis, which has been at the space station since june10, need to spend another day at the outpost.
3.MAN DIES AFTER FALL FROM LADDER IN NORTH LAUDERDALE.
North lauderdale the broward sherff's office is investiging the death of a 51 year old man who fell off a ledder monday morning the man, whose name was not available, was fatally injured about 4am at farme's market at 5150n. state road authorities said.
4.UK HOUSE USED AS BOMB FACTORY.
London a scottish house had been used as amakeshift bomb factory to carry out the terror attacks in london thursday july 5,2007 meanwhile, a subway derailed in the capital during rush-hours, raising jitters in the wake of the foiled terror plots.
5.LANDSLIDE IN MEXICO BURIES PASSENGER BUS.
At least 40 passengers were thought to be on the bus and 500 soldiers and rescue workers have been laboring since wednesday afternoon july 4,2007 in an effort to find survivors, said german garcia. operations directo for the state civlil protection department.
6.MAN IN COURT OVER FAILED CAR BOMBING.
London impassive and staring straight ahead, an iraqui doctor was led into court by plainclothes security officers the saturday, the first suspect to appear on charge of plotting to bomb london's enterinment district and scotland's busiest airport. policestepped up securitt across the british capital, where prime minister gordon brown laid flower's outside one of the train station hit two years ago in suicide bombings that killed 52 commuters in the first militant islamic strike on the united kingdom.
7. MIAMI DADE STUDENT CONNECT TO FIGHT APATHY A NATIONAL EFFORT TO COMBAT POLITICAL APATHY IN YOUTH HAS REACHED SOUTH FLORIDA.
Bryan quadros reads the wall street journal every morning, watches the new on the bbc. and says richard nixon is his favorite u.s president but, he says only because of his foreigh policy during his second term. still, the 19 year old economics major at miami dade college doesn't settle for being well informed he wants his fellow students along for the ride.
8.FOUND AMID SQUALOR, MOM DIES, SON IS HELD.
A son has been charge after his 83 year old mother was found living in squalor inside a trailer in the homestead area she has since dies.inside trailer home police found an ederly woman covered in red ants, smeared in faces in a urine soaked bed. taken to hospital after being found by police, lillian v. smith 83ied two days later her son caretaker, sherrill smith,49, has been charge with elderly abuse but could face additional charge as authorities investigate her death.
9.DEAD CHILD FOUND IN TRASH.
Detective said a child's body probable no more than five year old, was found in a trash can at a broward home on saturday 7,2007 morning. broward sherff's detectives along with child protection workers are investigating its death and police are calling it suspicious. detectives and a BSO mobile crime lab truck were at the house located at 316 nw 46th ct. in oakland park.
10.AI GORE SLAMS GLOBAL WARNIMING DOUBTERS AT LIVE EARTH.
Washington (AFP) former us vice president AI GORE took a swipe at global warming bouter suturday as he opened the washington leg of the worldwide live earth concert that he helped organized washington was a last minutes addition to the global event months after organizers failed to find a space on the us capital's national mall a sprowlin green space featuring monuments including the congress building.
11. DEADLINE EXTENDED FOR 23 KOREAN HOSTAGES.
Kabul,afghanistann a purported taliban spokesman said sunday that the hard line militian had extended by 20 hours the deadline for the afghan govermment to trade capture militants for 23 south korean hostages.
12.SEN. FEINGOLD PROPOSES CENSURING BUSH.
Washington-liberal democratic sen. russ feingold said sunday he wants congress to censure presidnt bush for his management of the iraq war and his assault againts the constitution. but feingold own party leader in the senate showed little interest in the idea an attempt in 2006 by feingold to censure bush over the warrantless spying program attracted only three consponsors.
13.GENARAL SEEKS TROOP CUT IN NORTHER IRAQ.
Baghdad in a move that could portend a strategy change, the commander of u.s force in northern iraq said sunday he has proposed reducing his troops level and shifting next year to mssions focused less on direct combat.
14.ONE DEAD IN TRIPLE SHOOTING IN CORAL SPRINGS.
A normally quiet coral springs neighborhood. was rocked by gunfire sunday that left one man dead two others seriously injure. coral springs police said the shooting occured at a home in the 25-hundred block of northwest 121 drive the said they received a call around 7am sunday from a man who daid he had been shot in the shoulder when officers arrived they found 47year old man with gunshot wound in his chest on the lawn in front of the house a second man 24 year old with a bullet woundin his right shoulder. the third man was dead police say 23 year old hade been shot in the face.
15.26 PILGRIMS KILLED IN FRANCE BUS CRASH.
Grenoble france a bus carrying polish cotholic piligrims from a holy site in the french ALPS plunged off steep mountain road crashed into a river bank burst into flame sunday killed 26 people, authorities said.
officialAn official in the office of iraq's national security adviser confirmed the operatoin, which were also lauched in the tharthar area near fallujah and in diyala province. Iraqui security force were in the lead, backed by u.s force, the official said on condition of anonymity for security reasons he refused to estimate the number of troops involved or how long the operation would last.
2.SPACE STATION COMPUTERS TO GET LAST TEST.
Houston a revived set of cruel computer aboard the international space station still need to unmdergo one maro test before they are given a clean bill of heath. that test set to be done monday will determine if the two russian computers are ready to control the station's orientation.
the result wiil help determine if space shuttle atlantis, which has been at the space station since june10, need to spend another day at the outpost.
3.MAN DIES AFTER FALL FROM LADDER IN NORTH LAUDERDALE.
North lauderdale the broward sherff's office is investiging the death of a 51 year old man who fell off a ledder monday morning the man, whose name was not available, was fatally injured about 4am at farme's market at 5150n. state road authorities said.
4.UK HOUSE USED AS BOMB FACTORY.
London a scottish house had been used as amakeshift bomb factory to carry out the terror attacks in london thursday july 5,2007 meanwhile, a subway derailed in the capital during rush-hours, raising jitters in the wake of the foiled terror plots.
5.LANDSLIDE IN MEXICO BURIES PASSENGER BUS.
At least 40 passengers were thought to be on the bus and 500 soldiers and rescue workers have been laboring since wednesday afternoon july 4,2007 in an effort to find survivors, said german garcia. operations directo for the state civlil protection department.
6.MAN IN COURT OVER FAILED CAR BOMBING.
London impassive and staring straight ahead, an iraqui doctor was led into court by plainclothes security officers the saturday, the first suspect to appear on charge of plotting to bomb london's enterinment district and scotland's busiest airport. policestepped up securitt across the british capital, where prime minister gordon brown laid flower's outside one of the train station hit two years ago in suicide bombings that killed 52 commuters in the first militant islamic strike on the united kingdom.
7. MIAMI DADE STUDENT CONNECT TO FIGHT APATHY A NATIONAL EFFORT TO COMBAT POLITICAL APATHY IN YOUTH HAS REACHED SOUTH FLORIDA.
Bryan quadros reads the wall street journal every morning, watches the new on the bbc. and says richard nixon is his favorite u.s president but, he says only because of his foreigh policy during his second term. still, the 19 year old economics major at miami dade college doesn't settle for being well informed he wants his fellow students along for the ride.
8.FOUND AMID SQUALOR, MOM DIES, SON IS HELD.
A son has been charge after his 83 year old mother was found living in squalor inside a trailer in the homestead area she has since dies.inside trailer home police found an ederly woman covered in red ants, smeared in faces in a urine soaked bed. taken to hospital after being found by police, lillian v. smith 83ied two days later her son caretaker, sherrill smith,49, has been charge with elderly abuse but could face additional charge as authorities investigate her death.
9.DEAD CHILD FOUND IN TRASH.
Detective said a child's body probable no more than five year old, was found in a trash can at a broward home on saturday 7,2007 morning. broward sherff's detectives along with child protection workers are investigating its death and police are calling it suspicious. detectives and a BSO mobile crime lab truck were at the house located at 316 nw 46th ct. in oakland park.
10.AI GORE SLAMS GLOBAL WARNIMING DOUBTERS AT LIVE EARTH.
Washington (AFP) former us vice president AI GORE took a swipe at global warming bouter suturday as he opened the washington leg of the worldwide live earth concert that he helped organized washington was a last minutes addition to the global event months after organizers failed to find a space on the us capital's national mall a sprowlin green space featuring monuments including the congress building.
11. DEADLINE EXTENDED FOR 23 KOREAN HOSTAGES.
Kabul,afghanistann a purported taliban spokesman said sunday that the hard line militian had extended by 20 hours the deadline for the afghan govermment to trade capture militants for 23 south korean hostages.
12.SEN. FEINGOLD PROPOSES CENSURING BUSH.
Washington-liberal democratic sen. russ feingold said sunday he wants congress to censure presidnt bush for his management of the iraq war and his assault againts the constitution. but feingold own party leader in the senate showed little interest in the idea an attempt in 2006 by feingold to censure bush over the warrantless spying program attracted only three consponsors.
13.GENARAL SEEKS TROOP CUT IN NORTHER IRAQ.
Baghdad in a move that could portend a strategy change, the commander of u.s force in northern iraq said sunday he has proposed reducing his troops level and shifting next year to mssions focused less on direct combat.
14.ONE DEAD IN TRIPLE SHOOTING IN CORAL SPRINGS.
A normally quiet coral springs neighborhood. was rocked by gunfire sunday that left one man dead two others seriously injure. coral springs police said the shooting occured at a home in the 25-hundred block of northwest 121 drive the said they received a call around 7am sunday from a man who daid he had been shot in the shoulder when officers arrived they found 47year old man with gunshot wound in his chest on the lawn in front of the house a second man 24 year old with a bullet woundin his right shoulder. the third man was dead police say 23 year old hade been shot in the face.
15.26 PILGRIMS KILLED IN FRANCE BUS CRASH.
Grenoble france a bus carrying polish cotholic piligrims from a holy site in the french ALPS plunged off steep mountain road crashed into a river bank burst into flame sunday killed 26 people, authorities said.
Sunday, June 3, 2007
HUMAN RIGHTS
1.weare all born free and equal.
2.don't discriminated.
3.the right to life.
4.no slavery.
5.no torture.
6.you have the right no matter where you go.
7.we're all equal before the law.
8.your human rights are protected by law.
9.no unfair detainment.
10.the right to trial.
11.we're always innocent till proven guilty.
12.the right to pravacy.
13.freedom to move.
14.the right to seek safe place to live.
15.right to nationality.
16.marriage and family.
17.the right to your own things.
18.freedom of thought.
19.freedom of expression.
20.the right to public assembly.
21.the right to democracy.
22.social security.
23.worker's rihgts.
24.the right to play.
25.food and shelter for all.
26.the right to education.
27.copyright.
28.a fair and free world.
29.responsibility.
30.no one can take away your human rights.
2.don't discriminated.
3.the right to life.
4.no slavery.
5.no torture.
6.you have the right no matter where you go.
7.we're all equal before the law.
8.your human rights are protected by law.
9.no unfair detainment.
10.the right to trial.
11.we're always innocent till proven guilty.
12.the right to pravacy.
13.freedom to move.
14.the right to seek safe place to live.
15.right to nationality.
16.marriage and family.
17.the right to your own things.
18.freedom of thought.
19.freedom of expression.
20.the right to public assembly.
21.the right to democracy.
22.social security.
23.worker's rihgts.
24.the right to play.
25.food and shelter for all.
26.the right to education.
27.copyright.
28.a fair and free world.
29.responsibility.
30.no one can take away your human rights.
Tuesday, May 29, 2007
CLAST READING REVIEW DEFINITION
1. MAIN IDEAS; the main idea is the central' or most important, idea in a paragraph or passage. it may also be described as the controlling idea and, as such it sets the directionof the paragraph or article.
2. SUPPORTING DETAILS; supporting details are facts and secondary ideas that an authors use to develop and support the main idea.
* supporting detail include definitions, exampleas, reasons, facts, and evidence to support conclusions.
* questions about details may begin with words such as who, what,when,where, and why, or how.
3. CONTEXT CLUES; the context includes the sentence, paragraph, or passage that surround a word and make it meaningful.
4.AUTHOR'S PURPOSE; an author's purpose is his reason or intent in writing.
5.AUTHOR'S OVERALL ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN; authors try to present their ideas in some clearly organized way. they do this by arranging thae supporting details in some common pattern.
6.FACT AND OPINION; a fact is a statement that can be validated or proven to be true or false by using measurements, historical or scientific documents, or even personal observation. by this definition, a fact is not always accurate or correct.
* an opinion is a statement that expresses an author's beliefs, judgements, and values.it expresses a point of view and cannot be prove.
7.BIAS; bias is predisposition, prejudice, or prejudgement; bias may be in favor of against something or someone.
8.TONE; an author's tone is the attitude or feeling he creates in writing about his subject; the reader can recognize a mood or feeling in written material in the same way as he would recognize a mood or feeling from a speaker's tone of voice.
9.EXPLICIT/IMPLICIT RELATIONSHIPS WITH SENTENCES; the relationship within the sentence is explicit (stated) transition words and phrases will be used.
10.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENTENCES; paragraph and passage comprehension is improved by recognizing how one sentence relates to another sentence; such relationships may be explicit (stated) or implicit (unstated)
11. VALID ARGUMENTS; a valid argument is a statemaent that fits into a logical patter of reasoning and/or which makes use of relevant, verifiable proof to support a particular conclusion.
12. INFERENCES AND CONCLUSIONS; an inference is what a reader thinks the writer is suggesting through the words or ideas presented.
2. SUPPORTING DETAILS; supporting details are facts and secondary ideas that an authors use to develop and support the main idea.
* supporting detail include definitions, exampleas, reasons, facts, and evidence to support conclusions.
* questions about details may begin with words such as who, what,when,where, and why, or how.
3. CONTEXT CLUES; the context includes the sentence, paragraph, or passage that surround a word and make it meaningful.
4.AUTHOR'S PURPOSE; an author's purpose is his reason or intent in writing.
5.AUTHOR'S OVERALL ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN; authors try to present their ideas in some clearly organized way. they do this by arranging thae supporting details in some common pattern.
6.FACT AND OPINION; a fact is a statement that can be validated or proven to be true or false by using measurements, historical or scientific documents, or even personal observation. by this definition, a fact is not always accurate or correct.
* an opinion is a statement that expresses an author's beliefs, judgements, and values.it expresses a point of view and cannot be prove.
7.BIAS; bias is predisposition, prejudice, or prejudgement; bias may be in favor of against something or someone.
8.TONE; an author's tone is the attitude or feeling he creates in writing about his subject; the reader can recognize a mood or feeling in written material in the same way as he would recognize a mood or feeling from a speaker's tone of voice.
9.EXPLICIT/IMPLICIT RELATIONSHIPS WITH SENTENCES; the relationship within the sentence is explicit (stated) transition words and phrases will be used.
10.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENTENCES; paragraph and passage comprehension is improved by recognizing how one sentence relates to another sentence; such relationships may be explicit (stated) or implicit (unstated)
11. VALID ARGUMENTS; a valid argument is a statemaent that fits into a logical patter of reasoning and/or which makes use of relevant, verifiable proof to support a particular conclusion.
12. INFERENCES AND CONCLUSIONS; an inference is what a reader thinks the writer is suggesting through the words or ideas presented.
Wednesday, May 23, 2007
CINDERELLA
Samantha was a girl who dreamed of a better life. but it seemed those dreams would never come true her days were spent doing chores from down until dusk one night, Samantha was visited by her fairy godmother. with a wave of her magic the fairy godmother turned a dog into a hummer limo, a cat into her driver for the night. Samantha rags became a very nice baby-phat outfit. finally Samantha would be able to go the concert of Alicia Keys during the concert this boy named Michael saw Samantha and he immediately, he asked to dance the two fell deeper and deeper in love with every step. but Samantha fairy godmother had warned her to be home before 4 o'clock that was when the magic would disappear; as Samantha ran from the concert, she lost one of her baby-phat sandals. every young woman in the house tried on the sandal but Samantha whose foot fit the sandal perfectly. Michael asked her to marry him, and Samantha became his wife at last and they live their life happy forever.
Wednesday, May 9, 2007
MY LIFE STORY
My name is Mary jean-Jacques i was born in august 15, 1987 in Caracas, Venezuela. My parent are Marie Marc and jean edwidge jean-Jacques. three year after my brother was born his name is Eduardo jean-Jacques he was born in august 17, 1990. My elementary year was kind of hard for me because, i was a very shine little girl. but my teacher name Virginia Gonzales was a very nice person she taught me a lot of good things that made me not be scared the others kids. i remember i was one of the student with good attendance and good behaviour in my class. In Thomas Jefferson middle school it was exciting for me because,there was several programs for student interesting to help the community. I participated on two of them they were aspira and YMCA, in the my last year we had a banquet for all the 9Th grade. Also i received a award for attendance and good behaviour in all my classes that made me feel so proud of myself. In high school at north Miami senior high was the most exciting for me because, it was time party after all these year of studies like prom, homecoming, grad-nite and many more. In my last year i participated in aspira and i had my first job as a cashier. I went to prom, grad-nite.senior picnic and the most important one the graduation ceremony i had a lot of friends at that time we sometime together we went to movies parties and we even went together to our senior activities. The reason why I'm in college is because, my parent always said "everyone that want to have a better education or a better life should go to college". want i have a better life so i decided to go to college my major is health information/management here at Miami dade college are the first step for me to reach my goal. College will prepare me to have good skills i will need in today's health care industry. this program will provide me with the education necessary to succeed in the health service environment and employment and promotion potential as well. This is the reason why I'm here.
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